Diabetes mellitus: Lessons from COVID-19 for monkeypox infection.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is known to be linked to malfunctioning antiviral defense; however, its association with the severity of monkeypox is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss key immunological mechanisms in the antiviral response affected by poor glucose control that could impact the susceptibility and severity of monkeypox infection, leading to a heightened emphasis on the use of the available antidiabetic drugs. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Google scholar for articles published from January 1985 to August 2022. No criteria for publication data were set, and all articles in English were included. RESULTS: Currently, there are no studies about the risk or consequences of monkeypox infection in the diabetic population. A high incidence of diabetes is reported in countries such as China, India, Pakistan, EUA, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, Bangladesh, Japan, and Egypt, where unfortunately imported cases of monkeypox have been reported and the infection continues to spread. CONCLUSIONS: High incidence of diabetes together with the cessation of smallpox vaccination has left large numbers of the human population unprotected against monkeypox. The best option for the population remains confined to the prevention of infection as well as the use of hypoglycemic agents that have also been shown to improve immune mechanisms associated with viral protection.

Kidney disease and the coronavirus pandemic 2019 covid-19. An clinical perspective

Since the last months of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 was identified as a highly contagious virus, March 11, 2020 WHO classified SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic. Since April 21, 2020 Mexican Government declared Phase 3 of his Contingency plan to fight SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly a respiratory virus, but there are reports of involvement in organs distant from the lungs, including the kidneys. SARS-CoV-2 kidney involvement is sign of worse prognosis. Is important to know the characteristics of this injury, the way to diagnose it, its treatment and how to prevent it. Here we review some theories about kidney injury related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its histopathological correlation. We also evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 receptors, the kidney injury related to the use of the novels therapies against SARS-CoV-2, renal replacement therapies prescription in SARS-CoV-2 y in kidney transplant patients. Since the lasts months SARS-CoV-2 has invaded and modified our knowledge and daily routine. Healthcare staff from the different specialties, including Nephrologist must keep in constant learning and training to fight against this pandemic with the better weapons.